Consequentialist theory Universal ethical egoism

Document Type:Essay

Subject Area:Criminology

Document 1

Besides, universal ethical egoism is somehow stronger than individual egoism as it includes everyone rather than just the individual. This theory has the most potential because it claims to apply to all people, meaning that it is universal. Perhaps this theory can best be understood by considering the following example- My self-interest is to earn money. If I pursue it by establishing a convenience store, then my self-interest is good as everyone benefits. From the example, one can deduce the key strengths and weaknesses of universal ethical egoism. Secondly, the fundamental truths can neither be broken down into various parts nor defined by allusion to anything else apart from the moral truths. Thirdly, humans can only discover these truths by using their minds intuitively.

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If a person says that stealing is wrong, he or she has the moral intuition that taking other people's property is wrong. The person knows that it is wrong to steal either innately or through moral training regarding the things he or she observes. One of the key strengths of intuitionism most societies share moral values, for instance, it is wrong to steal. Honesty requires that an individual tells the truth because of distinctive range of considerations as reasons. Further, virtues are either intellectual or ethical depending on applicability and point of reference. Aristotles nicomacean theory supports the fact that human beings are conditioned to desire for their well-being, a condition the philosophers have referred to as Eudaimonia. A common aspect of the theory is the proper mean where a feeling categorised into excess, mean, or deficiency.

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However, the theory is challenged based on a few principles. Secondly, the theory allows for fairness as people are treated to the same requirements and rules. The theory also makes it possible for universal rules. However, the theory presents challenges as life situations cannot be distinctively delegated as either right or wrong always. It is also important to note it is inappropriate to treat people the same due to the unique nature of circumstances and situations. Relativism favours applicability due to the ability to account for the reasons why something occurred. In other words, religion influences the human belief of free will as they have no freedom to change things because they live their life as per the religious doctrines. thus, people cannot make free moral choices as everything is predetermined.

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