Anemia of Bone Marrow failure

Document Type:Thesis

Subject Area:Management

Document 1

On the other hand bone marrow syndrome include a group of such disorders that can either be acquired or be inherited. Anemia of the bone marrow failure is therefore a rare disease with which the bone marrow stops the production of enough blood cells, this is to mean that sometimes the bone marrow does makes red cells but just that they are not essentially enough for the body requirements (Hosokawa, 2017). As a matter of fact, if realized early enough this condition can be handled carefully with therapeutic mechanisms that will see this failure of the bone marrow treated. There are different states of anemia that results in the bone marrow failure and this is inclusive of being moderate, severe as well as very severe.

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People with such conditions as severe or very severe anemia are always on the risk of getting such life threatening infections which in other cases will result in severe bleeding. On the other hand, aplastic anemia comes about when the bone marrow does not show any further new blood cells all through the body. There has been various description of aplastic anemia, and the best one has been described as an acquired autoimmune diseases which does occurs when the immune system mistakenly strikes and destroys the healthy tissues of the body. Explain local (Saudi Arabia) and international statistics and its epidemiology  Saudi Arabia itself has had incidences of anemia of bone marrow failure for quite a long period of time now, it has been reported to have had an occurrence rate of 1 to 2 patients in every a million occupants of Saudi Arabia per year (Ayas, et al, 2014).

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This has made the Saudi Arabian to create awareness of the same since it is not a naturally occurring disease instead, some of its types are those ones that can be induced by such factors as radioactive rays among other factors With different alleyways in the algorithms, these can be broken down into a further smaller or rather distinct sub entities of 5 individuals in every 100, 000 people in a year and these are those people aged in age group 50-59 years of age (García, et al 201). The number raises with respect meaning that with age groups of 60-69 will have a 15 individuals in every 100,000 population of Saudi Arabia. ( Hosokawa et al, 2017) Similarly, inherited syndromes of the bone marrow failure which have single gene defects are also related to mutations which are secondary acquired and interchange with the environmental aspects to cause the appearance and progression of the disease.

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A therapy that is considered immunosuppressive has been the fundamental aspect of treatment of acquired bone marrow defects and reinforces the immune response which is not normally functioning as the aetio-pathogenesis of the acquired defects of the bone marrow failure. Low blood counts before treatment lower the probability of hematologic improvement after immunosuppression and of survival, suggesting that response to therapy is limited to the number of stem cells. The ologoclones of cytotoxic of T cells persistence after the administration antithymocyte globulin (ATC), their reoccurrence at relapse, and indecision as to the mechanisms of action of antithymocyte globulin, can be interpreted as evidence of lack of adequate current strategy of immune therapy of the bone marrow failure. (Hosokawa et al,2017) Signs and symptoms of the bone marrow failure vary significantly depending on the type of blood cells affected.

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theoretical indication, primary defects of phagocyte number or functions inherited non-primary immunodeficiency bone marrow failure syndromes, and disorders of lymphopenia are not included. Includes, hypomorphic mutations in SCID genes, CD40, CD 40L, and other combined immunodeficiencies such as radiosensitive disorders, defects in the ca ++ channel, and activating PI3K syndrome. (Seidel,2014) Types of the bone marrow failure • Acquired bone marrow failure syndromes Exposure to some factors such as toxins, drugs or viruses may lead to a conditions of the bone marrow which are referred to as the acquired bone marrow failure syndromes. In such a condition the body fails to produce new blood cells. The acquired syndromes are characterized by decreased or completely not functioning of the hematopoietic stem cells. The patient may also suffer from other frequent infections and also bleeding.

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Aplastic anemia mostly affect children and young adults (Townsley et al,2014). Myelodysplastic syndrome occurs when the bone marrow fails to produce mature and healthy blood cell through hematopoiesis. In this condition there is less space left for mature cells in the bone marrow as the immature blood cell may die and accumulate in the bone marrow. It mostly affect aging people who are 65 and above. There several different types of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes and these include: Diamond-blackfan anemia, Faconi anemia, Dyskeratosis congenital and Schwachman-diamond syndrome (Wilson et al,2014). Table: Genetics known and presumed, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes classified as those that result to pancytopenia and those limited to failure of 1 or 2 hematopoietic lineages (Abdullah, 2015). Faconi anemia is a disorder of the bone marrow that results to the bone marrow not making enough blood cells.

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Faconi anemia can also lead to the bone marrow making abnormal blood cells. Faconi anemia results from gene mutation which occurs in the hematopoietic stem cell. Diamond-blackfan anemia is a disorder of the bone marrow which results to low blood cell count due to the failure of the bone marrow to produce them. Diamond-blackfan anemia results from gene mutations and this can be passed from parent to child. The signs of Diamond-blackfan anemia include: small head, small ears, wide eye sockets and lack of proper growth. Diamond-blackfan anemia can be diagnosed in infants less than one year of age although in some adults it can also be diagnosed. (Clinton $ Gazda, 2016) Dykeratosis congenita is also a disorder of the bone marrow which can be passed from parent to child and is characterized by production of low numbers of the blood cells.

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The diagnosis process involves examining undistorted fields for BM failure. The cutoff for this test involves a better aplastic subcortical area of realizing plasma and stromal cells. A confounding test of dyserythropoiesis forms better identification of abnormal populations. The investigation of Cytogenetic abnormalities is done in a systematic manner to realize the course of Abnormal cytogenetic (Hira 2013)Marrow failure is diagnosed through better analysis of metaphases syndromes and specific chromosomes anomalies. The diagnostic task assessment of fat cell develops a good recommendation on hypocellular development. The lung disease increases conditions of pulmonary fibrosis. Recent therapies on bone marrow have the following characteristics. Firstly, Neurological implicate cerebellar and developmental of decay hypoplasia. The multiple retinopathies on calcification develop syndrome on various DC genes.

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Secondly, immunodeficiency occurs to predominant cellular DC to detect significant morbidity for neutropenia. The government needs to have a comprehensive program that deals with psychological therapies to applause mental health problems. Improving health services helps in modelling treatments that arguably needs brain science. Anaemia of Bone Marrow failure increases anxieties to individual health when someone is dealing with severe depressions. Patient's struggles with therapies problems are a feeling that requires close monitor from mental therapists. Social and healthcare information institutions provide 40 % of patients' illnesses are caused by therapy related cases. The age of a person increases the risk of being diagnosed with Anaemia of Bone Marrow failure. The best response to these infections is to make personal decisions and seek information on treatments.

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As such, the prognosis process helps a patient to expect some outcomes when making decisions on treatments. The prognosis process helps patient to make treatment decisions based on the following. First, a patient is allowed to choose the best treatment for diagnosed diseases. The appointments of the treatment process are developed through prognosis procedures to help accelerate recovery time (Ivey et al. Hoe Anaemia Becoming Cancer Many people with hoe anaemia signs and symptoms are at of getting cancer. The anaemia condition is normally associated with the characteristic of the fast heartbeat, dizziness, cheats pain, shortness of breath and fatigue. With these conditions, a patient will have insufficient haemoglobin. Chemotherapy conditions can increase the risk of being infected with hoe anaemia.

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The spread of hoe anaemia involves different stages on that are largely determined by biopsy. The stage of caregivers is developed through a different protocol that helps in addressing more aggressive advancement. The individual care in of the staging methods develops essential treatment protocols which are known to vary according to individual treatments procedures. The treatments involve radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery according to advanced level of cancer. The uncontrolled growth in the body system requires a better management of the cells to identify original abnormal cells. , Ahn, K. W. , Hu, Z. H. , Kuwatsuka, Y. , He, W. , Couriel, D. R. & Flowers, M. E. , Peters, J. A. , Loud, J. T. , Leathwood, L. Hira, A. , Yabe, H. , Yoshida, K. , Okuno, Y. , Shiraishi, Y.

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