Sickle cell anemia

The trait of sickle cell happens when a child takes after the sickle gene from a single parent and from the other parent he or she inherits a normal gene. However, sickle cell disease develops when a child inherits the sickle gene from each of the parents. Sickle cell beta thalassemia takes place when a child gets from one parent a sickle gene and from the other parent he or she inherits beta thalassemia gene. For patients who have sickle beta thalassemia, mutation of the beta gene brings about blocking of production of the normal beta globin chain or it decreases the production of the beta globin chain. Hemoglobin SC disease develops when a child gets sickle gene from one of the parents and then inherits hemoglobin C mutation from the other parent (Hayse, 2012).

Insufficiency of nitrous oxide can result in thrombosis and also endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary vasoconstriction and this may cause pulmonary hypertension (Stephen & Myronchenko, 2017). Symptoms In adolescents and children, pain is the hallmark of sickle cell disease. Children having vaso-occlusive episodes usually experience intense pain that has features which are related with recurrent, acute and chronic states of pain results from the blockage of blood flow by sickle-shaped red cells through the small vessels to the abdomen, joints and chest. Chronic pain results from damage of joints and bones in adults and some adolescents. Another symptom that can be seen in physical examination is swelling of feet and hands, which is as a result of blockage of blood vessels to the feet and hands by the sickle cells.