Binary fission is the final process that crowns the period of cell growth and which, most importantly, represents the division of the cell into two daughter cells. Normally, two daughter units are characterized by analogous cellular composition and each of them contains a precise copy of the maternal chromosome. The phenomenon of binary fission underlies the ability of a cell to double, in this way increasing the number of cells in a population. As long as a cell grows mostly at its ends and the process of division occurs near its middle we can see that one of the answers to what is binary fission is as follows: it is also a matter of cells identity in the population.
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