For each of the following examples explain whether the researcher has made correct decision or has made a type 1 or type 2 error

Document Type:Coursework

Subject Area:Psychology

Document 1

G rejects the null hypothesis although the independent variable had no effect. This is type I error. The fact that the independent variable did not affect the outcome, means the researcher falsely rejected a null hypothesis which was indeed true in nature, this therefore leads to what is referred as the false positive. The researcher therefore rejected what is considered a true null hypothesis (Lieberman, & Cunningham, 2009) 2. Dr. This entails starting the subject with the baseline period followed by an intervention and later a return to the previous baseline that marks the end of the design hence leaving the subject in the baseline period (Byiers, Reichle, & Symons, 2012). This design allows reversal of harmful effects of the intervention and therefore it’s necessary especially if the intervention bears a negative effect.

Sign up to view the full document!

This allows the participant to return to his desirable state. Besides that, it allows cost minimization, if the implicated intervention is costly, it may call for returning back to the baseline to lower on the cost of the research. The design allows returning to baseline as long as the outcome of such a return is not injurious to the subject (Byiers, Reichle, & Symons, 2012) Question 3 Explain how a one-way analysis of variance works. fun toys and the unfun toys B) Diagram it out. Fun toys Unfun toys Male 20 20 Female 20 20 C) Assuming 20 subjects are needed per cell, how many subjects are needed for this study? There are four cells that is; males with fun toys and with unfun toys and females with fun and unfun toys.

Sign up to view the full document!

20 subjects therefore will have 20 multiplied by 4 =80 subjects 5. Bill Board is “lording” his SAT score over his friend, Rhoda Dendron, who took the ACT. “You only got a 25 in math,” he chortled, “while I got a 300 in math. “Now I’ll never need to run large numbers of subjects again,” he says. However, Chuck has forgotten that within subjects designs may be a) useless b) impossible, c) confounded by order effects or, d) impractical when excessive subject time in an experiment makes data inaccurate. Give an example of each of these four objections a) Useless The design can be rendered useless at times, especially if there could be participant practice that affects performance. Thus, if the expected results need to lack practice, the researcher should not use this design, since practice affects performance.

Sign up to view the full document!

Additionally, in case where the administered treatment has persisting effects, it will affect the other treatments, and also results (Greenwald, 1976). In the other condition, the subjects are given distributed practice: they also spend 8 hours, but their practice is spread over four days, practicing 2 hours at a time. After the practice, all subjects are given a test massage to encode; the dependent variable is the number of errors made. The researcher has matched the subjects on the intelligence. The results are in the following table. Decide which statistical test would be appropriate, carry out the test, and evaluate outcome. The benefits are; one, it enables researchers observe changes that happens at different points in time; two, it allows validity and a clear focus since it allows researcher to see an end state; three, their power is greater than that of cross-sectional studies; four, they have high accuracy, and five, it is flexible.

Sign up to view the full document!

The disadvantages are; it’s expensive, participants drop out, needs a lot of time, and necessitate a big sample size (Ayres, 2016). Cross-section designs are used to acquire data and study a population at a specific time. The data acquired from the participants is called variables, and includes income, age, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and education, among others. This study aids in eliminating assumption and providing facts. Most of the time, quasi-experiments are done in settings where random assigning is impossible (CIRT, 2019). The benefits of this design include; high feasibility with less logistics and time constraints, enables test subjects to react genuinely, can easily identify trends based on the results, reduced ethical concerns and difficulty when selecting and randomly assigning of participants, results obtained can be used in reinforcing results of case studies, and finally, reduces the costs and time for the research.

Sign up to view the full document!

From $10 to earn access

Only on Studyloop

Original template

Downloadable