Christian Renewalism Relations towards Judaism

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If to speak in numbers which as we will see is hugely problematic for itself, the Pentecostal and charismatic world or in short and a broader term- 'Renewalists' are around 670 million people which makes them the second largest Christian denomination right after the Roman Catholic Church (Johnson, Zurlo, Hickman, 2017). This discernment is extremely problematic when beginning to understand the differences and the inner dynamic of this Renewal- Christian world, sometimes generating an artificial sense for the general coined term- Pentecostalism. Furthermore, there is also not one organization or institute that can be named as an umbrella organization for all of those groups, making the task of defining even more cumbersome. Even the Pentecostal World Fellowship (PWF), which is the largest organization for Pentecostal congregations and organizations, will still not represent the larger part of the 'Renewal' Group, if for doctrinal, political or even just organizational differences.

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When dealing with Pentecostalism, we will also find that theologians, historians, and social scientists will each deal with that question in a different manner. Also, the study is targeted at providing an in-depth understanding of this particular learning concerning eschatology which is supplied as irresolute if not unwarranted. As such, the primary objective of this thesis is to assess the proximity of Christians to Judaism as well as Israel in light of the Christian Pentecostal “revolution”. In other words, my research is focused on investigating the theme of Pentecostalism, the religious movement which are centered in changing the Christian world to the most significant extent and evaluate this change through the change in the relations to Israel and the Jewish. The study assumed that the Christian positive relations towards Israel in Renewalists groups are from an eschatological perception that believes Christian renewal world shares and inherited from fundamental groups originated in the 19th century.

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This research will place more focus on the triangle eschatology, Christian Renewalism and Judaism. O. Hutchinson. Located in Bournemouth (1908), the denomination was named the apostolic faith and later, the apostolic terminology was picked by the oneness churches that drifted and left the main classical Pentecostal churches. This was because they asked to base their doctrines on Jesus alone. The African Instituted Churches (AIC) also frequently used the “Apostolic” terminology. They called their churches Full Gospel because of their emphasis on Salvation, Sanctification, Divine Healing, and the Second Coming of Christ. This is what the believed to be the full gospel. Pentecostal took those main issues but added on top of it the baptism in the Holy Spirit with the evidence of speaking in tongues.

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However, some of the Pentecostal communities understood the sanctification doctrine in the Wesleyan-Holiness Movements a momentary experience as opposed to a process. Because many of them did not agree with it, they eliminated the “sanctification” from their doctrine and teachings. ” Wave Theory The objective of this sub-chapter is to assess the origins of numerous Christian Renewal groups using the wave theory. Basically, the section uses literature to demonstrate and analyze the development of these groups in different regions as well as the terminological confusion in certain regions. This scheme is one of the more common ways to refer to the different groups and find some order. The wave theory looks at the short history of the Renewal groups and divide it to 3 (sometimes 4) waves.

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This terminology of “Waves” can be traced back to Frank Bartleman who was the first to mention it in 1928 when he asked to demonstrate how a new wave is accumulating strength as the previous one fades away and recedes. In Latin America, the second wave will refer to a different part of the West's 'classical Pentecostal' but with an emphasis upon their social location, meaning the excessive urbanization and religious organization that their relation to the marketplace is more significant, meaning religious organization that broke from classical methods of engagements a communication (Freston,1995). One can notice that in Latin America the second wave is much more sociologically define and this is mainly because much of the work there has being conducted by sociologists and less by theologians or even historians.

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But those second-wave- Latin groups are also different in other Pentecostal concerns such as healing, signs and miracles and the exorcism of demons which were all more significant for them. The third wave, sometimes being referred to as neo-Pentecostalism or neo-charismatics differs between the European and the American crowd and to Latin America. The western world, the third wave of Pentecostalism will be used to describe groups of individuals and groups that took Pentecostal doctrines seriously especially the work of the spirit through speaking in tongues' healing, prophecy but that cannot be counted as a first wave classical Pentecostal nor as a second wave historical denomination charismatics because of different reasons such as time and aspect of origin. Yung along with Anderson will state the provenance of the Renewalists movement attributed to American revivals such as the famous Azuza street or the Kansas city revival is looking at things to simplicity (Anderson, 2004, 2013) (Yung, 2003).

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Common Denominators, Different Origins This sub-chapter focuses on the common teaching and doctrines of Pentecostalism is spite of the different origin as described in the previous chapter. The discussion includes the common mission and objectives within these organizations and how they focus on transforming the world. The rise of Pentecostalism, its spread throughout the world and changes that it undergoes in different diverse areas is a matter of concern to many scholars including social theorists. Pentecostalism is a theme that has become the first force in the worldwide Christianity in the contemporary setting. In the past, research on Pentecostalism placed central focused on certain distinct churches. More recently scholarly research has asserted about the broad expansion of Pentecostalism across Africa, Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Asia.

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In that regard, the message on Pentecostalism has been passed through many continents particularly on the rise of mega churches in such jurisdiction. Yung will claim that what came to be called as classical Pentecostals insistence on speaking in tongues as an evidence of baptism in the Holy Spirit is not necessarily the criterion or source for the complete renewal world (2003). Others, like Hollenweger, insisted on the black roots of the early movement and its connection to Seymour instead on Parham (Hollenweger, 1984). First will be worship or liturgy (in this case the two are quite the same) and its unique features, and the second will be the ‘Born Again’/’New Born’ terminology that is widespread in the renewal milieu. The first is some external components that the different groups possess and the other is the subjective feeling and self-designation of individuals in the larger group of Renewalists.

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Both paths are constructing the religious experience. I will also stress that in many of the groups in the renewal world those two aspects get a fundamental role in the very core of the self-identity and understanding of the group. Worship At first glance, looking for resemblance the diverse groups, many of them from the historical denomination, with harsh positive and indoctrinated religious experiences such as the Eucharist and the nature of the Godhood, seem to be impossible. Pentecostal worship services through all the different varieties of Pentecostalism are many times viewed as celebrations, and as such Pentecostal communities often display Joy, enthusiasm and spontaneous expressions of feelings such as laughter and tears, they believe that they give space to the works of the holy spirit and hence the unpredictability of the worship.

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Even though things are different among the assorted communities, most of the churches in the renewal world will have: 'worship time,' bible reading, preaching, and testimonies (Anderson 2013). A significant emphasis on prayer is at the center of the public meeting accompanied by music, singing, and dancing which will sometimes be called "worship time" or "praising. " The section of preaching by the pastor which will usually be expected to be empowering, inspiring and strengthening to the community and individuals. The Bible as mention will include reading both from the Hebrew Bible and the NT and will seek to inspire and connect in some ways to the personals and community vocation. Their realization of the strength of this religion and social status as more efficient then their ethnic one in incorporating themselves into local organizations in mid-size cities made them to priorities and highlighted one over the other.

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“The migrants who joined the born-again churches and networks we have described chose a setting that did not highlight their public differentiation‏. Their spirituality brought them together with natives on terms in which migrants, as Christians, became the conveyors of morality, virtue, and godliness in a godless land” (Schiller, Caglar Gulbrandsen, p. The general inclusive status of the 'new-born' is proven to be more lucrative to new migrants in their attempts of relating themselves with the local native community: “By choosing to emphasize a Christian universalism rather than an ethnic particularism, some migrants sought ways to become incorporated as local and global actors on their terms. At the same time, the Christian networks they built in both cities gave them access to various kinds of social economic or political resources” (pp.

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The affiliation of groups as born-again/ new status is usually in the local level as of congregation or similar denominational background. Yet there are some very illustrative examples of this inclusive term also in broader scale like the ecumenical efforts with the Pentecostal movement among them the most profound is with the Roman Catholic church (initiating in 1972) other Pentecostal ecumenist efforts even though occurring and getting wider are a little more difficult and require the self-definition of Pentecostal and clear lines among themselves above all (Vondey, 2014). Like in other similar things, ecumenical notions are being practiced more than it is officially claimed and one can experience much more fluidity inside the 'spirit movements,' where an individual can worship more efficiently in another renewal group, even when the doctrines and the theological background of the groups are entirely different.

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The laity role here is both of great importance and generates a genuine opportunity (Wilson, 2012). In this way we can witness inter-denominational worshiping on a grander scale. The outsiders also understood many of the time they weren't able to communicate the message as good as domestic leaders (Anderson, 2013) Moreover, It seems that communities could adopt the works of the spirit without giving up too much of their own previous identities and cultural background or at least be more integrative with the other Christian or indigenous characteristic: “Pentecostalism, because of its inherent flexibility and spontaneity, takes on many of the characteristics of the society in which it is found. It taps into local cultural and religious traditions and thereby renders Pentecostal worship more accessible” (Anderson, 2013, p.

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This notion of liberty from western doctrines and paradigms is also right to countries that were for centuries predominantly Christian but still going through a significant transformation like in Latin America (Espinosa, 2004). Whatever the reason might be, our interim conclusion contains two points: a. The world, predominantly but not exclusively the south is going through a process of acquiring Pentecostal/Charismatic characteristics, those characteristics uttered as a spiritual addition to local cultural-religious groups (Christian and non-Christian). Today, the pro-Israel and pro-Jewish circles are full of Pentecostals and charismatics from all sorts. They are prominently known as the Christian Zionists, a term used often to describe conservative Christian support to Israel based on eschatological doctrines. Pentecostalism, Restorationism, Christian Zionism, and Biblical Zionism People of Jewish inheritance which maintain the creation and expansion of Israel on grounds of religion are known as Zionists.

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Most of the outlets of media define Christians who align with the movement of Zionist as Christian Zionists. The larger Evangelical society, especially the Pentecostals do not use the term Christian Zionists. However, it is more meaningful and accurate to talk about “Restorationism”, a word launched by the Pietistic Protestants of the 16th century, or the “Restoration Movement” or the “Restoration of the Jews” terms that were ordinarily utilized in the 17th, 18th and 19th when a comprehension of the Jewish people future restorations to their own God and their land, was broadly held in the United States of American and the United Kingdom. In the contemporary times, Christian Zionism is not a belief that Israel has Divine Sanctions, nor the leaders of Israel of today have divine powers outside which is defined in the book of Romans chapter 13:1-6.

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Christian Zionism is not rejections of the Arab nations, particularly those who dwell in Israel land. It is not a conviction that only Divine Judgment criterion on individuals and nations in their treatment of and attitude to the Jews. Christian Zionism appreciated that the Bible promised a future Jewish people restoration to their land and as a people of God (Durbin, 2013). Irrespective of this, the recovery of the Jewish people suffered from two attack levels. The first is that all actions of Israel were seen to carry Divine Sanctions and there were related disregards for the Palestinian Arab and other dwellers of the land wellbeing of the extremism where Christian support became politically aligned. The second resulted from “replacement theology” which taught that the Churches replaced Israel so that the nation of Israel did not have a place in the plan of God for the earth.

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Both these errors were the opposition basis to "Christian Zionism," and were detained in different parts of the Church (Aberbach, 2007). Therefore, for instance, resolutions enacted by the Committee of the Anglican Consultative in 1987 in Singapore noted “The committee rejected Holy Scripture interpretation that affirmed the unique position of the current State of Israel in the Biblical prophecy light, found it damaging to justice and peace and detrimental to Muslims, Jews, and Christians. Unlike fundamentalism, Pentecostalism promotes personal involvements instead of being third party observers (Gunner & Smith, 2014). It has serious ramification though it may appear trivial. The fundamentalists who initially dominated the Evangelical perspectives and perception on Israel have no belief that Christians can individually intervene in the circumstances and events which will eventually open out the end of the universe.

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As mentioned charismatic and Pentecostal Christian are changing the international religious demographic, particularly in Africa and Latin America now figuring more than 500 million and possibly the quickest religious movement in the globe Both Charismatics and Pentecostals believe that evangelism is imperative, emphasize on the gifts of the Holy Spirit such as divine healings, and have effusive styles of worship. Pentecostals are members of particularly Pentecostal churches while Charismatics are found across the Catholic Protestant and Evangelical denominations. S strongly support war against terrorists and terrorism (Essaid, 2013). The exceptions of the Philippines, India, Kenya, and Nigeria, all of these nations have struggled in the fight against Islamic terror. Charismatics/Pentecostals comprise of the Protestant Christians in all of the mentioned nations above except South Africa, South Korea, and the U.

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S. It is overwhelmingly dominant in Latin America (Aberbach, 2007). Dreams smooth the progress of certain unusual actions. A Canadian, like Bruce Balfour associated with the Pentecostal based Maranatha Evangelistic Association believed he was called by God in a dream to plant trees in Lebanon. Others feel called to fulfill the plan of God for the end (Essaid, 2013). Lott Clyde, an ordained National Pentecostal Assemblies of Just Christ Minister and a cattle rancher in the U. S, according to requirements of the Old Testament had an epiphany from God to raise red heifers for the new Temple. Wayne Hilsden, the Senior Pastor of King of King’s is an ordained Canada minister Pentecostal Assemblies. Wayne Hilsden is a key figure in Christian Zionist causes administration.

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He was also in charge of a logistical center for Christian Zionist based Jewish immigration bodies known as Aliyah Ministries Network which existed up to 2001. He was also a board member for a Christian organization known as Ebenezer Emergency Fund that expressed the intention of assisting the Jews overseas to emigrate to Israel. The Jerusalem Community of the King of Kings is the biggest evangelical Church in Israel (Essaid, 2013). He claimed that this idea he received from studying the Scripture. Over the years, the wave of Restorationism continued to rise and gained force with Puritans rise to power in the 17th century. The whole movement was being supported majorly by the King James’ Bible version publication in 1611(Engberg, 2011). The Jewish Restoration teachings to their land were, therefore, part and parcel of the Protestant heritage of Great Britain.

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Two English Puritans Ebenezer Cartwright and Joanna who stayed in Amsterdam in 1949, from the English Bible, learned that Palestine was the Jews’ ancestral home and the objective of delightfully return. He was jurist who was considerable renowned for his legal writings that were utilized as authoritative texts. His authoritative writings and legal writings have been studies for two-hundred years after his death. Published in 1621, “the Great Restoration of World” was his major work. Sir Henry invited the Jewish people to reassert their Promised Land claims. He continued to foresee the temporary dominion restoration to the Jews and their establishments to the empire of the whole world. “In case the Almighty God and governor of the earth grant can consist of a legal title to an eternal inheritance, the Jews claim to the Palestine land shall usually be just and reasonable.

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” The Jewish people understood that Charles stressed, “Through all the generations been kept by Almighty creator and governor of the universe, who, according to the covenant with Abraham, had promised never to throw them away, especially for this bizarre reason. ” In Luke 21:24, Jesus himself said as passed by Jerusalem that, “the city will be crushed down of the Gentiles up to the period the Gentiles will be rewarded”, after which it “it is automatic to assume that at that time, the city shall be reinstated to its original owners. ” And Jesus Christ added that this deliverance waited for its achievements (Shalom, 2007). During these two centuries, these were just a few illustrations of the teaching of various Christian clergymen and scholars. The purposes of the Christians became linked to the political targets and realistic objectives.

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It was also a time when the Jewish People themselves appeared on the scenes in active ways not known for centuries. On major example is Lord Ashley (1801-1885) who was later known as Lord Shaftesbury. He was a prominent figure of that period and based his life on factual Bible acceptance. Brought up in the aristocracy, he over and over again rejected cabinet posts offers and instead gave himself to caring for the exploited, less-privileged, the sick, and the poor (Sturm, 2018). Neither agreements nor conquests among men can probably affect their position to it. He also declared that they should again go back to their nation and the Gentiles will be used as the way of their reinstatement. ” In subsequent event, Lord Shaftesbury became the president of the Palestine Exploration Funds (Chapman, 2009).

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During his inaugural speech, he noted: “We should not waste time in sending our best agents to search the Palestine’s breadth and length, to survey the soil, and to explore each corner if possible, measure it, drain it, and, if you will, prepare the land for the coming back of its original owners because I have faith that the period is not too far before such significant event happens. ” These events show the emergence of Zionism across Great Britain. Grattan in his incredible piece of work published in 1886 “Light for the Last Days” noted that “There may be no questions that people who lived to see the year 1917 would have reached one of the most critical, maybe the most historic, of the deadly years of disaster.

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” It was the year both the Jerusalem liberation and the Declaration of Balfour from the Turks by General Allenby. The Declaration of Balfour was in many ways the high point of alignment of Britain with the Jewish Restoration to Palestine and the ultimate Jewish state re-creation. Issued on 2nd November 1917, the Declaration of Balfour said: “The Government view of His Majesty with favor the creation in Palestine of the Jews national home and shall utilize their excellent endeavors in facilitating the accomplishments of the object, it precisely comprehended that nothing would be carried out that can prejudice the religious and civil rights of political status and rights enjoyed by the Jewish people in any other nation or existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine.

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” Various factors influenced the final Declaration form, and in fact, certain aspects weakened the ultimate kind of the pronouncement. ” The higher aim, as well as a larger purpose, had to be served (Engberg, 2011). In the end, the United Kingdom gradually dumped the Declaration of Balfour, and the obligations she had accepted under the agreement. The White Paper in 1939 further canceled the land buying and Jewish immigration. At the lowest point of the British policy in 1947, the destroyers from Britain gunned down the ship “Exodus” having Jewish refugees from Nazi. These happenings affirm that Zionism had its root within the western Christian world and manifests itself in the contemporary world through Pentecostalism. Many mainline Protestants, on the other hand, treat Israel state as a global outsider.

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They enact resolutions urging international sanctions and boycotts, all while focusing on the Palestinians plight who have purportedly endured in the oppressive Israeli nation hands. Their postures echo that of the political left for the most parts. In certain expressions of the theology of religious folk on the other side, particularly among the elderly generations, the state of Israel can perform no wrongs. The Jewish people are chosen people of God, and God shall bless people who support Israel, and the enemies of Israel are the enemies of God. As were most of the earliest followers of Jesus that included all of the apostles, he was a faithful Jew. Gentile faithful have been attached to Israel by faith. While the covenant of Moses has been accomplished through the death and resurrection of Christ, the promise of Abraham continues to endure.

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In a nutshell, God is still working out his purpose with the Jews and the Gentile Christianity future is directly related to the accomplishment of promises of God to Israel (Wilkinson, 2008). He also demonstrates that despite long Supersessionism history, some of the Christians have always held to the belief of Zionist. The King of kings community representing the new Christian world. There are also numerous people from diverse nations coming together in the Holy Land and the Holy City of Jerusalem representing the largest Pentecostal/Charismatic community in Israel. Through my research in the community one can notice a new reality embodied in its approach to Israel. Still caring, still very much supportive but much less doctrinal, less apocalyptical, less unconditional and much more spiritual.

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Bibliography Abraham, I. , The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002). xxxi+ 1278 pp. 99, cloth.  PNEUMA: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, 25(1). Anderson, A. B. The twentieth-century Pentecostal/Charismatic renewal in the Holy Spirit, with its goal of world evangelization. International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 12(3), 119-129. ‏ Chapman, C. Premillennial Theology, Christian Zionism, and Christian Mission.  The politics of apocalypse: The history and influence of Christian Zionism. Oneworld Publications Limited. Crome, A.  The restoration of the Jews: Early modern hermeneutics, eschatology, and national identity in the works of Thomas Brightman (Vol. Springer. Life Stories and Christian Zionist Ideology. Working with Stories. Narrative as a meeting place for theory, analysis and practice, Proceedings from the 2nd European Narratology Network (ENN) Conference.

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Engberg, A. Life Stories and Christian Zionist Ideology–A Theoretical Outline of How to Capture the Interplay between Individual and Ideology. (Eds.  Comprehending Christian Zionism: Perspectives in Comparison. Augsburg Fortress Publishers. Haynes, N. Pentecostalism and the morality of money: Prosperity, inequality, and religious sociality on the Zambian Copperbelt. W. , & Crossing, P. F. Christianity 2018: More African Christians and Counting Martyrs. International Bulletin of Mission Research, 2396939317739833. Journal of religion in Africa, 28(Fasc. Merkley, P. C.  The Politics of Christian Zionism 1891-1948. Routledge. Pentecostalism. In The Wisdom of the Spirit (pp. Routledge. Robbins, J. The globalization of Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity. Schiller, N. G. , Çaglar, A. , &Guldbrandsen, T. C. Imagining apocalyptic geopolitics: American evangelical citationality of evil others. In Mapping the End Times (pp.

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