Depression Research Paper

Document Type:Research Paper

Subject Area:Psychology

Document 1

The common risk factors for depression are infertility, which affects women the most, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an immune disorder of the multisystem connective tissue with several psychological conditions. The effective modes of treatment for depression disorder are the use of medications prescribed by medical practitioners and enrollment to psychotherapy. Introduction Depression is among the most common mental disorders, and most people become infected either directly or indirectly through close relatives and family members. There is confusion among psychologists concerning whether it is the main cause of low mood experienced by patients. Statistics show that depression accounts for 4. 3 percent of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY). It has been estimated that by 2030, depression will be the leading cause of morbidity (Milanović, Erjavec, Poljičanin, Vrabec, & Brečić, 2015).

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Some studies have estimated prevalence differences in middle-aged and old people. The results have shown that depression is prevalent in people who are aged between 50 and 59 years is 8. For instance, insomnia leads to the development of fatigue. If the fatigue lasts long, a person begins experiencing concentration problems. From a networks perspective, the interrelationship between depression symptoms can result in the emergence of major depression. It begins by insomnia causing fatigue. In turn, fatigue causes problems with concentration, which ends up leading to a depressed mood. The vulnerable networks usually give warning signs before a person ends up in a depressed state (Cramer, van Borkulo, Giltay, van der Maas, Kendler, Scheffer, & Borsboom, 2016). The understanding of such networks is essential to the development of effective treatment mechanisms.

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The ones that are currently used are not based on the symptom networks, and this is the reason they are not effective in all patients. The risk factors for depression One of the risk factors is the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is an an immune disorder of the multisystem connective tissue with several psychological illnesses. It manifests in the form of either depression or anxiety. Even though the prevalence estimates that used the screening tools were overestimated due to the prioritization of sensitivity instead of specificity, they found a reliable relationship between SLE and depression (Zhang, Fu, Yin, Zhang, & Shen, 2017). Due to the shortcomings of the study, Zhang, Fu, Yin, Zhang, and Shen argued that there are unexamined factors including disease duration, age, and gender that may contribute to increased risk for depression among the SLE patients.

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The meta-analysis led to the conclusion that there are high cases of depression and among the SLE patients. Therefore, when treating the patients, it is important for rheumatologists to screen for depression and refer them to mental providers to determine the right treatment approaches for preventing and or treating depression among the patients of SLE (Zhang, Fu, Yin, Zhang, & Shen, 2017). Besides SLE, another major risk factor for depression is childlessness. Furthermore, if the female partner is unemployed, the risk of depression increases. In some cultures such as Pakistan, having children is a must, and if a couple cannot conceive, the husband is usually pressurized to marry a second wife, and this increases the risk of depression to the first wife (Yusuf, 2016).

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Several studies have revealed that infertile females suffer from depression. The risk is usually increased by religious norms and cultural expectations. Having an infertile wife leads to husbands being forced into additional marriages so that they can sire children. Before a therapy is decided upon, a therapist has to evaluate the patient to determine the therapy that is best suited to the needs of the patient (Mayo Clinic, 2018). When done effectively, therapy results in positive treatment outcomes with little or no risk of symptom recurrence. Conclusion Depression is a major psychological condition that affects the people with high distress levels. Statistics show that the rate of this condition is high across the globe. It occurs on a complex system in which one symptom leads to the development of another symptom.

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