Drone could be used in airport operations

2: Introduction This literature review is on the use of drones in airport operations. A topic of interest for all airports because it could mean an entire revolution for the entire aviation industry. There have been concerns about the introduction and use of drones in monitoring and assisting in airport operations. It is important to note that not all drones can perform these tasks efficiently and it is important that all aspects of the program are looked at. This review will help me in identifying all areas that need improvement with regard to security and safety on the usage of drones. The second part focuses on how drones are helpful in airport asset management. This section shows how drones operate and help in such management functions.

Finally, it handles the issue of security and safety. Outlining the benefits and limitations of their use as well as the risks involved when drones are used in an airport. The general scope of this review is to understand the functions of drones in all areas both commercial and individual use for daily activities. Al. Drones observe a plane from afar and relays information that might have been overlooked by the controllers on the ground. The only issue that makes drones unacceptable in airport operation is security. Drones are small and it might be difficult to identify whether a drone belongs to the airport management or other authorized personnel or it belongs to unauthorized persons who are trying to gather data, identify security loopholes and other things.

This will pose a very great risk on the safety of passengers, cargo and even staff working in the airport. The final stage of autonomy is the cognitive autonomy. The drone is able to assimilate conflicting information and it performs a reactive autonomy as well. (Floreano, 2015). The drones available as of now have the reactive autonomy for commercial and consumer drones. The cognitive autonomy is available for the drones operating outdoors where the use of GPS coordinates is necessary. Drones collect data in two ways: first, by means of the lasers which mainly uses LiDAR and supplement this with a visual which can be a monoclear camera or a stereo camera. Between the two solutions, there is the RGB-D camera similar to the famous Microsoft Kinect which gives accurate information regarding the depth measurements and images.

Selection of the data to use entails a lot of detail to ensure that it is the right and reliable data the following questions should be answered: 1. Will the data collected allow a sufficient sensing of the environment for the drone to travel safely? 2. What is the data that I require to accomplish my mission which is to integrate the use of drones in airports. This lack of integration will result in a failure to answer the need for productivity improvements through the integrated tools. (Hodgkinson & Johnstone, 2018). Therefore, this whole process will bring about the need to create bridges between the sensed data and the airport monitoring systems. in order for the drones to be used as art of an integrated airport monitoring systems 100%, stakeholders must be very active users of the airport monitoring systems.

Feedback regarding the use of drones from the government and concerned stakeholders continues to be positive. The following benefits were then identified; a consistency in data and image capture in application, accurate data was transferred repeatedly and this can be used to compare all changes that occur between inspections, data coverage at high resolutions, time saving and efficiency and finally, reduced safety risks for the workers with special emphasis on building inspections. (Demir, et. Al. 2015) Drones level of efficiency is clear in how they function and their integration into airport management systems will be highly beneficial and fast in all the operations it is required to carry out. Drones in relation to airport security could pose a potential threat or a huge safety alignment and improvement for planes.

On safety, seven cases of airplanes colliding with a drone have been reported worldwide. Some of these collisions had casualties but no fatalities have been reported so far. The impact of a drone collision is related to the size and speed of the plane as well as the size of the drone. A research recently conducted by BALPA in partnership with the military aviation authority and the department for transport in the United Kingdom to establish the consequences of a plane and drone collision. The research found that an impact on the windscreen of a plane may prove to be fatal to the plane this keeps in mind the size, type and speed of the plane and the size of the drone.

Detecting how damage will impact the plane and how ell it will function which, may eventually be costly to the operator economically. (Loffi et. Al. In some instances, though some of the crew may be distracted from critical tasks which need to be done. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that a majority of airports have embraced the technology of drones. Accidents do happen and this poses a safety risk for both passengers and crew in an aircraft. This is because a crew can be distracted from performing crucial functions while trying to deal with the collision impact which may prove to be fatal. However, most engines are designed to handle impact from collision with a drone. Another factor that comes out is the issue of security also comes up in the review.

Integration of drones with the monitoring systems of an entire airport is vital to reduce data inaccuracy and to secure information being relayed by the drone therefore preventing it from being accessed by the wrong people. , & Gasser, L. Methodology for the integration of project documents in model-based information systems. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 19(1), 25-33. Canis, B. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS): Commercial outlook for a new industry (pp. Image acquisition system for construction inspection based on small unmanned aerial vehicle. In Advanced Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (pp. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Demir, K. A. (2018, April). Fraport AG: An airport operator's perspective. In 2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS) (pp. IEEE. Hazel, Bob, and Georges Aoude. Johnson, M. A. Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM): Defining the Future of the Drone Industry.