Pathophysiology Disorder Paper

Document Type:Research Paper

Subject Area:Nursing

Document 1

Many times, this disease goes misdiagnosed as its symptoms mimic the symptoms of other conditions. Once a clear diagnosis has been made, there are many effective treatments that can be used. If the patient tests negative, other diagnoses should be considered, and the healthcare team should proceed accordingly (Akhter, Kline, Bhattara, Courtney, & Kabrhel, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to diagnose the featured patient, identify the epidemiological trends for the condition and discuss common causes. To identify the risk factors for the development of this disease, describe the clinical expressions for this condition and its common causes. She presently takes no medications or supplements. A physical exam was performed, during which the patient showed to be highly anxious and having difficulty breathing.

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Her vital signs are heart rate 110 bpm, respirations are 20 breaths per minute, stable blood pressure. The remainder of the examination was unremarkable. X-ray of the chest showed no abnormality, but this is not atypical. This last element may be a risk factor that the patient in the case scenario discussed on this paper has. Risk Factors and the Population Mostly Affected Risk factors for PE include older age, being immobile for long periods of time (bedridden, traveling for a long distance). Also, smoking, having surgical procedures, undergoing trauma, having previously had blood clots, inheritance of clotting conditions, being overweight, multiple births, having children at an older age. Also, other medical condition such as cardiac, inflammatory or respiratory disease. Additionally, varicose veins, infections or cancer.

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The lower lobes of the lungs are affected more often than the upper. There is usually involvement of the two lungs. Bigger emboli lodges in the main pulmonary artery, whereas smaller emboli cause occlusion of the peripheral arteries. PE can result in lung infarction, with signs and symptoms of alveolar hemorrhage. Pulmonic infarction happens in approximately 10% of patients with no existing cardiopulmonary illness. For patients who smoke, they must start smoke cessation with the help of their healthcare providers and loved ones. Patients need to maintain a healthy weight, if help is needed to lose weight, they ought to speak to their physician. Patients must exercise no less than 30 minutes on the majority of the days of the week. Consult with your healthcare professional before starting any exercise regime.

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If traveling via automobile, patients have to make frequent stops to avoid blood stasis. Medications include blood thinners such as Heparin and Warfarin, which keep the clots from growing and help avoid the formation of new ones. Low molecular Heparin such as Fragmin and Lovenox are also popular. In situations that are life-threatening, thrombolytics (TPA) might be used, they are effective but increase the risk of bleeding. Procedures utilized to remove thrombi include catheter-directed thrombolysis. Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are also used. Education for the patient in question would be to take her medications as prescribed, test for further genetic predisposition due to father’s history, keep hydrated, use compression stockings if indicated when using contraceptives make sure that she uses ones that are safe for patients that have a history of DVT/PE.

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All other education mentioned also applies. Identify Another Disorder This patient presents symptoms that could mean there is a different diagnosis. If all testing came back negative for PE, this patient could be having a panic attack. Many symptoms of PE are the same as the symptoms of a panic attack, for example, chest pain or chest discomfort, shortness of breath, tachycardia, dizziness, and severe fear, amongst others. Also, the latest advances in treatments include removal of the blood clot via catheter and surgery. It is important that patients that suffered PE continue their medications and instructions at home. Prevention must be taught to patients to avoid further complications. References Akhter, M. , Kline, J. , & Agnelli, G. Acute pulmonary embolism after discharge: Duration of therapy and follow-up testing.

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