Social Cognitive Theory Essay
Document Type:Essay
Subject Area:Psychology
The first stage is called the early adolescence and occurs between the ages of 12-14 years and is majorly characterized by struggles for independence, physical changes, and cognitive development. The second stage is stage is known is middle adolescence and occurs between the ages of 15-16 years and is characterized by similar changes like the first one but with more variant signs1. For instance, the adolescent begins fighting with the interference of parents in their freedom and independence and being more alert to their physical appearances1. The last stage of adolescence development is known as the late adolescence and occurs between the ages of 17-19 years. The stage is characterized by a clear and mature identity of the adolescent graduating them to adulthood.
Reinforcement is either the positive or negative response from the environment or self that either encourage or discourage a particular behavioral formation. The fourth construct developed by Albert Bandura is the expectations construct which suggests that the behavior formation of an individual is dependent on the future expectations or the potential consequences of a particular act. The construct of expectation is also related to reinforcement since the expectation can also be informed by the previous experiences2. The last construct of the social cognitive theory is self-efficacy which explains behavior as a result of the individual's confidence to develop and maintain a particular habit or behavior. However, self-efficacy is also subject to individual capabilities as well as the demands of the surrounding environment2.
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