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Rutherford made the first nuclear reactions by bombarding nitrogen-14 nuclei with alpha particles. However, in his famous gold foil experiment on the scattering of alpha particles by gold, nuclear reactions did not occur. What is the difference between these two experiments? What is necessary for the implementation of nuclear transformation of gold when bombarded with alpha particles? Planetary (or sometimes is called also nuclear) model of atomic structure was proposed by the great English physicist E. Rutherford as a result of a thorough studying the phenomenon of the scattering of alpha particles on the thinnest gold foil. There is no need to give a description of gold foil experiment, as they are well known to anyone. Below we will study a scheme of Rutherford’s experience and see why he was using plates of gold foil to implement the experiment.

The word «identity» is often heard everywhere. People discuss the identity of a company, the law of identity, the identity as a category of philosophical science, the sexual identity, gender identity, the identity of a personality and so on. But what does this term mean, at the end of the day? The understanding and the definition of identity differs depending on who discusses this issue, in what context and with which purpose. While identity may refer to a number of philosophical topics, as well as personal conception/expression, the term itself has the only one source of originating, which is helpful to know if you want to do research on this issue. In this article, you will find the explanation of what is identity from the point of view of different approaches and it will give you essential knowledge to form your personal definition of the term and apply it when necessary.